Latitudinal species diversity gradient of marine zooplankton for the last three million years |
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Authors: | Yasuhara Moriaki Hunt Gene Dowsett Harry J Robinson Marci M Stoll Danielle K Marshall Dustin |
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Affiliation: | School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; Swire Institute of Marine Science, University of Hong Kong, Cape d'Aguilar Road, Shek O, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA. |
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Abstract: | High tropical and low polar biodiversity is one of the most fundamental patterns characterising marine ecosystems, and the influence of temperature on such marine latitudinal diversity gradients is increasingly well documented. However, the temporal stability of quantitative relationships among diversity, latitude and temperature is largely unknown. Herein we document marine zooplankton species diversity patterns at four time slices [modern, Last Glacial Maximum (18 000 years ago), last interglacial (120 000 years ago), and Pliocene (~3.3–3.0 million years ago)] and show that, although the diversity‐latitude relationship has been dynamic, diversity‐temperature relationships are remarkably constant over the past three million years. These results suggest that species diversity is rapidly reorganised as species' ranges respond to temperature change on ecological time scales, and that the ecological impact of future human‐induced temperature change may be partly predictable from fossil and paleoclimatological records. |
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Keywords: | Biodiversity climate changes fossil records latitudinal species diversity gradients macroecology North Atlantic pelagic ecosystem planktic foraminifera temperature |
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