Antiviral immune responses in H5N1-infected human lung tissue and possible mechanisms underlying the hyperproduction of interferon-inducible protein IP-10 |
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Authors: | Arunee Thitithanyanont Monkol Uiprasertkul Suwimon Wiboon-ut Amporn Limsalakpetch Kosol Yongvanitchit Pimprapa Rukyen Kamon Kawkitinarong Pongsak Utaisincharoen Carl J Mason Sathit Pichyangkul |
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Institution: | a Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand b U.S. Army Medical Component of the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science, Bangkok, Thailand c Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand d Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand e Chulalongkorn Medical School, Bangkok, Thailand |
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Abstract: | Information on the immune response against H5N1 within the lung is lacking. Here we describe the sustained antiviral immune responses, as indicated by the expression of MxA protein and IFN-α mRNA, in autopsy lung tissue from an H5N1-infected patient. H5N1 infection of primary bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells and lung microvascular endothelial cells induced IP-10, and also up-regulated the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I). Down-regulation of RIG-I gene expression decreased IP-10 response. Co-culturing of H5N1-infected pulmonary cells with TNF-α led to synergistically enhanced production of IP-10. In the absence of viral infection, TNF-α and IFN-α also synergistically enhanced IP-10 response. Methylprednisolone showed only a partial inhibitory effect on this chemokine response. Our findings strongly suggest that both the H5N1 virus and the locally produced antiviral cytokines; IFN-α and TNF-α may have an important role in inducing IP-10 hyperresponse, leading to inflammatory damage in infected lung. |
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Keywords: | H5N1 autopsy H5N1-infected human pulmonary cells MxA TNF-α IFN-α IP-10 |
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