海湾城市新区景观格局动态演变研究

景观格局研究为区域格局优化和生态环境管理提供参考,已成为景观生态学研究的核心之一。该文选取了厦门市翔安区1989年,1993年,1997年和2004年四个时期遥感影像解译数据作为基本信息源。结合遥感影像和区域特点,确定了景观分类系统。在遥感和GIS技术支持下,建立了翔安区景观数据库,并处理各种属性数据、图形数据等信息。利用景观空间格局指数等分析方法,对过去16年间翔安区的景观格局的时空变化过程和演变趋势进行了研究。结果表明:从1989～2004年,农田面积大量减少,主要转变为村镇建设用地。原来占据优势的农业用地、林地等景观组分的面积比重不断下降,村镇用地等人工景观斑块面积增大,并趋向集中。养殖业发展迅速,滩涂和近岸海域也被大面积围垦用于养殖业。整个区域景观结构日趋破碎,景观多样性指数与破碎度指数不断增加,表明人为干扰因素逐渐加强。研究区景观格局演化的主要趋势为人工化趋势,目前该区域已被改造成为混合型景观。

Dynamic changes of landscape pattern of new district of Bay-type city: a case study of Xiang'an district in Xiamen City

In this paper,three Landsat TM images(obtained in 1989,1993 and 1997) and SPOT5 image(in 2004)were interpreted as basic information sources.With the support of remote sensing and GIS techniques,the classification system of landscape of the region was established; this study area was divided into 3 primary landscape types and 10 secondary landscape types.Spatial information database of landscape was created,and the basic data including properties and graph were analyzed.Selective indexes reflecting the spatial pattern were chosen based on the theory of landscape ecology,by calculation and analysis of these indexes,the dynamic change characteristics of landscape spatial pattern over the past 16 years were studied.The results show that the spatial pattern of landscape in Xiang'an District has been obviously changed.From 1989 to 2004,cultivated land seriously decreased,and the landscape pattern,which was dominated by agriculture and forest in 1989,gradually transformed to artificial landscape,such as residential area and construction land.The patch area of artificial landscape such as land for towns and villages has been increasing,and their patches have been congregating.Aquaculture industry was rapidly expanding,a great of silt beach and shallow sea shore were reclaimed.The regional landscape was becoming more fragmental,diversity index and fragmentation index increased continuously,it was due to the increase of human disturbance.The regional landscape develops towards artificialization,at present the study area has been changed to mixed landscape.Meanwhile,the change of regional landscape pattern has caused a series of landscape ecological effects,such as environmental quality degradation,landscape patch fragmentation,etc.