国家蔬菜资源中期库中不同葱属蔬菜种子生活力监测

葱属植物为多年生草本植物,隶属于百合科,是单子叶植物纲百合科中最大的属之一,广泛分布于世界各地。其中,葱属蔬菜种类丰富,在蔬菜生产中占有重要地位。葱属蔬菜种子寿命短,在储存中生活力易下降甚至丧失。本试验以国家蔬菜资源中期库中保存的6种葱属蔬菜共610份资源为研究对象,其中包括韭菜267份、大葱226份、分葱40份、洋葱67份、韭葱8份、南欧蒜2份。对其发芽率测定,结果表明:经过21~30年的储存后,6种葱属蔬菜种子的生活力均呈现显著下降趋势,其中以分葱和洋葱最为严重;所有被检测的葱属蔬菜仅有77份材料符合入库标准,占被监测份数的12.62%,丧失生活力的有198份,接近被监测份数的1/3,87.38%的种子需要繁殖更新;入库时的种子发芽率严重影响着种子在贮存期间的生活力,初始发芽率越低,监测发芽率下降的越快;不同繁种单位的葱属蔬菜发芽率下降值之间普遍存在显著差异,不同的繁种环境显著影响着种子的保存寿命;同一种葱属的不同基因型间也表现出寿命长短差异。虽然低温贮藏可以在一定程度上延长种子寿命、保持种子活力,但对于短命植物种子来说仍有必要制定明确的种子监测方案和更新标准。

Monitoring Seed Viability of Different Allium Vegetables in the National Medium-term Genebank of Vegetable Germplasm Resources

Allium L.is an important perennial herbs,which is one of the largest genera in monocotyledoneae Liliaceae,and wider distributed all over the world.Vegetables of the genus Allium L.with high diversity are very important in the vegetable production.The viability of the short-lived seed of Allium is easily reduced or even lost during storage.A total of 610 accessions of 6 species of allium vegetables in the National Medium-term Genebank of Vegetable Germplasm Resources,including 267 accessions of A.tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.,226 accessions of A.fistulosum L.,40 accessions of A.fistulosum L.var.caespitosum Makino.,67 accessions of A.cepa L.,8 accessions of A.porrum L.,and 2 accessions of A.ampeloprasum L.were evaluated for seed germination.The results indicated that the seed viability of the 6 species of allium vegetable resources declined significantly after 21-30 years storage,with A.fistulosum L.var.caespitosum Makino.and A.cepa L.the most seriously;only 77 accessions of all the evaluated germplasm met the storage standard,which accounted for 12.62%,198 accessions of all the evaluated germplasm completely lost vitality,which accounted for 1/3,and 87.38%of the seeds need to be regenerated;that the initial germination percentage of the seeds put in storage heavily affected the viability of the seeds during storage:The lower the initial germination rate,the faster the monitoring germination rate decreases;there are generally significant differences between the germination rate of Allium L.germplasm in different seed multipliers,and the different breeding environments significantly affect the preservation life of seeds;and that the different genotypes of the same species of allium vegetables also showed difference in longevity.Although low temperature storage could prolong the seed longevity and maintain the seed vigor to a certain extent.Moreover,it is necessary to establish the clear seed monitoring plan and regeneration for short-lived seed.