苹果树内生真菌抗腐烂病和炭疽病活性菌株的筛选

为了明确苹果树中内生真菌的种类及其对苹果树腐烂病菌和苹果树炭疽病菌的抑制作用， 对健康富士苹果树茎部和根部中的内生真菌进行了分离和初步鉴定，并采用组织块分离法和平板对峙法筛选出对苹果树腐烂病菌和炭疽病菌有明显抑制效果的拮抗菌，进一步研究了其发酵液对病原菌的抑制效果。结果表明，从筛选出的49株内生真菌中，8株对苹果树腐烂病和炭疽病病原菌有明显抑制效果，最高抑菌率达到83.93%；拮抗菌发酵液的平均抑菌率均在89%以上，最高达98.81%。且在同等条件下，拮抗菌对病原菌抑菌率比化学药剂高50%左右。该研究为新型生物农药的开发和利用提供参考。

Screening of Endophytic Fungus from Apple Tree with Anti-Valsa ceratosperma and Anti-Glomerella cingulata Activities

In order to confirm the species of endophytic fungi from apple tree bark and their inhibitory effects against Valsa ceratosperma and Glomerella cingulata, endophytic fungi in Fuji healthy apple stem and root were isolated and preliminary identified, and their inhibitory effects against V. ceratosperma and G. cingulata were tested both through tissue separation and plate confrontation method. Furthermore the inhibitory effects of their fermented broth against the pathogens. The results showed that 8 endophytic fungi from 49 isolates had a significant inhibitory effect against V. ceratosperma and G. cingulata, and the highest inhibitory rate reached 83.93%; the average inhibition rate of fermented broth was more than 89%, the highest up to 98.81%. And in the same conditions, the inhibition rates of antifungal activity against V. ceratosperma and G. cingulata reached by 50% higher than chemical pesticide. The study provided a theoretical basis for the research and development of new plant source bio pesticide.