蛋白质起始的DNA病毒复制机制

DNA聚合酶在DNA合成过程中需要的引物包括RNA引物、DNA自我引物和蛋白质引物3种类型。新DNA链(如冈崎片段)的复制多是在DNA模板上合成一段RNA引物，细小病毒利用其基因组末端的反向末端重复序列(ITRs)自我折叠成DNA引物，而一些DNA、RNA病毒及真菌质粒起始复制反应的引物则是蛋白质。以感染原核生物的噬菌体Phi29和真核DNA病毒腺病毒为例，从复制过程所涉及的蛋白质、对复制原点的识别、复制起始反应、新链的延伸、复制终止过程等方面详细阐述DNA病毒由蛋白质引发的复制机制，并对已商品化的Phi29 DNA聚合酶产品多重置换扩增及单细胞测序等的应用以及基于噬菌体Phi29蛋白质起始的最小复制系统体外扩增异源DNA等最新的应用研究作相关总结介绍。

Protein Primed Mechanism of DNA Virus Replication

DNA polymerase essential for the process of DNA synthesis comprises RNA primer, DNA self primer, and protein primer three types of primers. The replication of new DNA strands (e.g. Okazaki fragments) are mostly initiated with the synthesis of an RNA primer on the DNA template, Parvovirus using inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) at the end of its genome which self fold into a DNA primer, while some of the DNA, RNA viruses and fungal plasmids starting replication reaction with a protein primer. In this article, phage Phi29 and eukaryotic DNA virus adenovirus that infected prokaryote were taken as models and elaborate on their DNA virus replication mechanism primed by protein, ranging from proteins involved in the replication process, recognition of the replication origin, initiation of replication, DNA primed elongation and termination of TP DNA replication. The commercialized Phi29 DNA polymerase products applied for multiple displacement whole genome amplification (WGA) and single cell sequencing, amplification of heterologous DNA with a minimal replication system based on phage Phi29 in vitro and other new applied researches were summarized and introduced reciprocally in this paper.