Diversity of Dominant Bacterial Taxa in Activated Sludge Promotes Functional Resistance following Toxic Shock Loading |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Pascal?E?SaikalyEmail author Daniel?B?Oerther |
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Institution: | (1) Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;(2) Division of Chemical and Life Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;(3) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;(4) Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;(5) Environmental Research Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA |
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Abstract: | Examining the relationship between biodiversity and functional stability (resistance and resilience) of activated sludge bacterial
communities following disturbance is an important first step towards developing strategies for the design of robust biological
wastewater treatment systems. This study investigates the relationship between functional resistance and biodiversity of dominant
bacterial taxa by subjecting activated sludge samples, with different levels of biodiversity, to toxic shock loading with
cupric sulfate (CuII]), 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP), or 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Respirometric batch experiments were performed
to determine the functional resistance of activated sludge bacterial community to the three toxicants. Functional resistance
was estimated as the 30 min IC50 or the concentration of toxicant that results in a 50% reduction in oxygen utilization rate compared to a referential state
represented by a control receiving no toxicant. Biodiversity of dominant bacterial taxa was assessed using polymerase chain
reaction-terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-T-RFLP) targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene. Statistical
analysis of 30 min IC50 values and PCR-T-RFLP data showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between functional resistance and microbial diversity for each of the three toxicants tested. To our knowledge, this
is the first study showing a positive correlation between biodiversity of dominant bacterial taxa in activated sludge and
functional resistance. In this system, activated sludge bacterial communities with higher biodiversity are functionally more
resistant to disturbance caused by toxic shock loading. |
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