布雷费尔德对真菌的进化观点在真菌分类中所起的影响*

布雷费尔德(O. Brefeld)虽对真菌纯培养方法的改进和真菌发育与生理知识作出了不少贡献,但他的主要贡献还是对真菌系统发育的观点。按照他的这种观点,卵菌不是真正的真菌,它应与粘菌一起排除在真菌之外,而真正的真菌应从接合菌开始。他并将子囊菌和担子菌分别分为半子囊菌和真子囊菌,半担子菌和真担子菌。

BREFELD'S VIEW OF FUNGAL PHYLOGENY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

In the late nineteenth century, Oscar Brefeld, a German mycologist and a student of A. de Bary, had improved de Bary's pure culture method for studying fungi and investigated both the physiology and development of various groups of fungi using a great number of culture media under certain experimental conditions. According to the reviewer, Brefeld's major contribution to mycology was not his achievements in his experimental methods for studying fungi, but rather his viewpoint on the phylogeny of fungi. Brefeld held that the Oomycetes were not true fungi and from which they should be excluded along with the slime moulds. Hence he believed the true fungi to be derived from the Zygomycetes. He further suggested poth the Aseomycetes and the Basidiomycetes be divided into two groups: Hemiascii and Euascii, and Hemibasidii and Eubasidii respectively.