Hymenopteran parasitoids and dipteran predators of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diuraphis noxia</Emphasis> in the west-central Great Plains of North America: Species records and geographic range

Parasitoids and predatory flies were sampled in the wheat production region of the west-central Great Plains (southeastern Wyoming, western Nebraska, and north-central Colorado) of North America using plant material infested with the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Samples were taken April through October in 2001 and 2002, which was 15–16 years after first detection of D. noxia and 5–6 years after the last release of natural enemies for its control in this region. The natural enemies detected were (in order of high to low detection frequencies across three states and 2 years): Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Eupeodes volucris Osten Sacken (Diptera: Syrphidae), Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae), Leucopis gaimarii Tanasijtshuk (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), Aphidius avenaphis (Fitch), Aphidius matricariae Haliday, Diaeretiella rapae (MIntosh), Aphidius ervi Haliday, Praon yakimanum Pike and Starý (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae), and Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). The results confirmed establishment of one of the 10 exotic parasitoid species released for D. noxia control (A. albipodus) in the west-central Great Plains. It is unknown whether detection of A. asychis, A. matricariae, and D. rapae can be attributed to exotic introductions or preexisting populations. Other species detected in this study have been previously documented from the western US, although the recognized distributions have expanded for A. avenaphis, L. gaimarii, and P. yakimanum compared to the first few years after initial detection of D. noxia. Thus, there is definitive establishment of one exotic introduced for D. noxia and considerable range expansion of preexisting species that prey upon D. noxia.