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Failure of interspecies androgenesis in salmonids
Authors:I Babiak  ††  S Dobosz    H Kuzminski    K Goryczko  †‡  S Ciesielski  §  P Brzuzan  §  B Urbányi    Á Horváth  &#;  F Lahnsteiner  J Piironen
Institution:Department of Animal Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland;Department of Salmonid Research, Inland Fisheries Institute, Rutki, 83-330 Zukowo, Poland;Department of Fish Biology and Culture, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland;Department of Evolutionary Genetics, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland;Szent István University, Department of Fish Culture, H-2103 Gödöllõ, Hungary;Institute of Zoology, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria;Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Saimaa Fisheries Research and Aquaculture, 58175 Enonkoski, Finland
Abstract:Androgenetic development of salmonid embryos was induced in recipient oocytes from the same or other species (intra- or interspecies androgenesis). Parameters for induced androgenesis were investigated in brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis . Reciprocal androgenetic and control crosses were conducted among fishes from three genera: Oncorhynchus (rainbow trout, O. mykiss ), Salmo (brown trout) and Salvelinus (brook trout), and within two genera: Salmo (brown trout and Atlantic salmon, S. salar ) and Salvelinus (brook trout and Arctic charr, S. alpinus ). Live hatched androgenetic progenies were obtained in all intraspecies variants, where oocytes and sperm originated from the same species. Interspecies androgenesis resulted in no viable larvae, despite the fact that most hybrid controls and intraspecies androgenetic individuals were viable. When recipient oocytes originated from other genera (interspecific intergeneric androgenesis), embryonic development ceased in early developmental stages, except for haploid controls of brook trout produced in eggs of brown trout. Survival of embryos to the eyed-egg stage was relatively high in the intrageneric androgenesis experiment. Nevertheless, none of these embryos survived to hatching. Some of the presumed Atlantic salmon individuals developing in brown trout eggs contained maternal DNA, questioning the accuracy of enucleation using irradiation. The inability to induce interspecific androgenesis among the examined salmonid species may have been the result of substantial kariotypical and developmental differences between spermatozoal donors and oocyte recipients, causing an incompatibility between maternal cytoplasmic regulatory factors and the paternal nuclear genome.
Keywords:androgenesis  embryo  fish  hybrid  reproduction  trout
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