Regulation of cellular signals by G-proteins |
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Authors: | K Sandhya Mohan C Vemuri |
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Institution: | (1) School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046 Hyderabad, India |
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Abstract: | Extracellular signals are transduced across the cell by the cell surface receptors, with the aid of G-proteins, which act
at a critical point of signal transduction and cellular regulation. Structurally, G-proteins are heterotrimeric consisting
α, β and γ subunits but in functionally active state they dissociate into α subunit coupled to GTP and as βγ dimer. G-proteins
can be broadly divided into two classes based on their sensitivity to pertussis toxin and cholera toxin. Existence of various
forms of each of the subunit allows molecular diversity in the subunit species of G-proteins. These subunits interact with
a wide range of receptors and effectors, facilitated by post translational modification of their subunits. Different types
of G-proteins mediate several signalling events in different parts of the body. This review summarizes the features of (i)
structural and functional heterogenity among different subunits of G-proteins, (ii) interaction of G-proteins and their subunits
with effectors with specific cases of G-protein mediated signalling in olfaction, phototransduction in the retina,
ras andras
related transduction and (iii) disease conditions associated with malfunctioning of G-proteins. |
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Keywords: | G-proteins G-protein subtypes receptors effectors diseases |
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