甲基营养微生物的甲醛代谢途径及其在环境生物技术中的应用

甲醛是一种毒性很高的一碳化合物，甲基营养菌是一类能在有高浓度甲醛的环境中生存的微生物，它们体内有多种降解甲醛的氧化途径和将甲醛转化为细胞组分的同化途径。丝氨酸途径和酮糖单磷酸途径是同时存在于甲基营养型细菌中的两种甲醛同化途径，木酮糖单磷酸途径是甲基营养型酵母菌中独有的甲醛同化途径。为了充分挖掘甲基营养型微生物在环境生物技术中的潜在应用价值，最近有很多研究尝试利用甲基营养微生物的细胞及其甲醛代谢途径关键酶开发甲醛污染检测方法和生物治理技术，对这方面的研究进展进行综述。

Formaldehyde metabolic pathways in methylotroph and their applications in environmental biotechnology

Formaldehyde （HCHO） is a highly toxic one-carbon compound. Methylotroph is a kind of microorganisms, which can live in environments with high concentration of HCHO. Various HCHO-oxidation pathways and HCHO-assimilation pathways are found in methylotroph. Serine pathway and ribulose monophosphate pathway are two HCHO-assimilation pathways, which exist simultaneously in methylotrophic bacteria. Xylulose monophosphate pathway is a HCHO-assimilation pathway that is only present in methylotrophic yeasts. To sufficiently explore the potential application of methylotroph in environmental biotechnology, many studies attempted to develop methods and technologies for detection and remediation of HCHO pollution by using cells and key enzymes involved in HCHO-metabolisms of methylotroph. This paper reviewed the recent research progresses in these fields.