Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species-specifically affect induced plant responses to a spider mite |
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Authors: | Takaaki Nishida Noboru Katayama Naoyuki Izumi Takayuki Ohgushi |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 509-3 Hirano 2-chome, Ohtsu Shiga, 520-2113, Japan;(2) Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Nakaragi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan; |
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Abstract: | It is widely recognized that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improve plant growth and nutrient conditions, but their effects
can vary from negative to positive depending on AMF species. Since the performance of herbivorous arthropods varies with plant
quality, different AMF species should differently affect the density of herbivorous arthropods on plants and the herbivore-induced
plant responses. We examined the indirect effects of AMF on the number of spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) and the number of damaged leaves in an outdoor glass-chamber experiment, using Lotus japonicus plants inoculated with one of four different AMF species (Gigaspora margarita, Glomus etunicatum, Gl. intraradices, and Acaulospora longula). Plants with Gi. margarita and A. longula had significantly fewer female mites than plants with Gl. etunicatum and Gl. intraradices, and plants with Gi. margarita had the fewest damaged leaves, followed by plants with A. longula,
Gl. intraradices, and Gl. etunicatum. To examine species-specific effects of AMF on herbivore-induced plant responses, we carried out a bioassay with eggs laid
by spider mites, and analyses of leaf chemicals (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and total phenolics) using plants subjected
or not subjected to herbivory. The bioassay showed that mite egg production and its changes following mite herbivory changed
depending on the AMF species. In addition, Principal component analysis for leaf chemicals revealed not only mite-induced
changes in leaf chemical composition, but also AMF effects on the herbivore-induced response in a species-specific way. Thus,
we need to pay more attention to the species identity of AMF as an important factor in determining the strength of effects
of belowground AMF on the performance and/or preferences of aboveground herbivores. |
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Keywords: | Above- and belowground interactions Induced plant response Leaf chemicals Lotus japonicus PCA Species-specific effect |
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