Synergistic cosolubilization of omega-3 fatty acid esters and CoQ10 in dilutable microemulsions |
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Authors: | Deutch-Kolevzon Rivka Aserin Abraham Garti Nissim |
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Affiliation: | The Ratner Chair of Chemistry, Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel |
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Abstract: | Water-dilutable microemulsions were prepared and loaded with two types of omega-3 fatty acid esters (omega-3 ethyl esters, OEE; and omega-3 triacylglycerides, OTG), each separately and together with ubiquinone (CoQ10). The microemulsions showed high and synergistic loading capabilities. The linear fatty acid ester (OEE) solubilization capacity was greater than that of the bulky and robust OTG.The location of the guest molecules within the microemulsions at any dilution point were determined by electrical conductivity, viscosity, DSC, SAXS, cryo-TEM, SD-NMR, and DLS.We found that OEE molecules pack well within the surfactant tails to form reverse micelles that gradually, upon water dilution, invert into bicontinuous phase and finally into O/W droplets. The CoQ10 increases the stabilization and solubilization of the omega-3 fatty acid esters because it functions as a kosmotropic agent in the micellar system. The hydrophobic and bulky OTG molecule strongly interferes with the tail packing and spaces them significantly – mainly in the low and medium range water dilutions. When added to the micellar system, CoQ10 forms some reverse hexagonal mesophases. The inversion into direct micelles is more difficult in comparison to the OEE system and requires additional water dilution. The OTG with or without CoQ10 destabilizes the structures and decreases the solubilization capacity since it acts as a chaotropic agent to the micellar system and as a kosmotropic agent to hexagonal packing. These results explain the differences in the behavior of these molecules with vehicles that solubilize them in aqueous phases.Temperature disorders the bicontinuous structures and reduces the supersaturation of the system containing OEE with CoQ10; as a result CoQ10 crystallization is retarded. |
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Keywords: | Ubiquinone Omega-3 fatty acid esters Electrical conductivity Differential scanning calorimetry Cryo-TEM Dynamic light scattering |
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