小麦族遗传资源的多样性及其保护

禾木科小麦族中包含了三种世界最重要的粮食作物，即：小麦、大麦和黑麦以及许多具有重要经济价值的牧草种类。小麦族植物种类繁多、分布广泛、生态多样，具有极其丰富的形态和遗传变异类型。作为巨大的基因资源库，小麦族植物在通过现代生物技术而导入外源有益基因的麦类作物育种程序中，具有重要和特殊的价值。然而对于小麦族植物的生物多样性的研究和了解还远远不足。同时在全球环境的不断改变和遭到破坏的今天，一些小麦族的物种已处于濒危的状态而面临灭绝，因此对于小麦族丰富的遗传多样性制定有效的措施进行保护是摆在我们面前亟待解决的课题。

Diversity and conservation of the Triticeae genetic resources

The tribe Triticeae Dumort. in the grass family (Poaceae) contains three of the world most important cereal crops, namely, wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ), barley (Hordeum vulgars L. ), and rye (Secale cerealeL. ), as well as many economically valuable forage grasses. Because the tribe Triticeae comprises a great number of species, covers a remarkably wide disribution area in the world, and inhabits various ecologicalenvironments, tremendous morphological and genetic variations are found between and within species in this tribe. As a vast reservoir of genetic resources, species in the Triticeae have a great potential for the improvement of wheat, barley, and rye varieties in the plant breeding programmes through transferring useful genes from wild to cultivated species. However, the present knowledge and investigation of biodiversity in the Triticeae is considerably insufficient, which largely affects the appropriate utilization of the genetic resources in the tribe. Nowadays, the change of the global environments makes some species of Triticeae in an endangered state. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to strengthen the further investigation of the genetic diversity in the Triticeae and to have effective strategy to the conservation of this vast genetic reservoir.