Biomineral analogues in ontogeny and phylogeny

Some biomineral analogues (concepts of individual, species, ontogeny, phylogeny, system of species) originating from Linnaeus’s “Systema Naturae” are briefly considered. They are shown to be due to the common structural morphological and evolutionary approaches in recent biology and mineralogy. Mineralogy is successful in the structural morphological analysis, while biology is used in evolutionary considerations of individuals and species. The analysis of biomineral analogues is useful for both sciences. The logical concept of tolerance spaces is suggested to accurately describe biological and mineral diversities.