Immunoreactive intensity of FXPRL amide neuropeptides in response to environmental conditions in the silkworm, Bombyx mori |
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Authors: | Ayako Hagino Norio Kitagawa Kunio Imai Okitsugu Yamashita Kunihiro Shiomi |
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Institution: | (1) Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda Nagano, 386-8567, Japan;(2) Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya Aichi, 484-8567, Japan;(3) Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu Mie, 514-0008, Japan; |
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Abstract: | In the silkworm Bombyx mori, the diapause hormone-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide gene, DH-PBAN, is a neuropeptide gene that encodes a polypeptide precursor consisting in five Phe-X-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (FXPRL) amide (FXPRLa) neuropeptides; DH (diapause hormone), PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide) and α-,
β- and γ-SGNPs (subesophageal ganglion neuropeptides). These neuropeptides are synthesized in DH-PBAN-producing neurosecretory
cells contained within three neuromeres, four mandibular cells, six maxillary cells, two labial cells (SLb) and four lateral
cells of the subesophageal ganglion. DH is solely responsible, among the FXPRLa peptide family, for embryonic diapause. Functional
differentiation has been previously suggested to occur at each neuromere, with the SLb cells releasing DH through brain innervation
in order to induce embryonic diapause. We have investigated the immunoreactive intensity of DH in the SLb when thermal (25°C
or 15°C) and light (continuous illumination or darkness) conditions are altered and following brain surgery that induces diapause
or non-diapause eggs in the progeny. We have also examined the immunoreactivity of the other FXPRLa peptides by using anti-β-SGNP
and anti-PBAN antibodies. Pupal SLb somata immunoreactivities seem to be affected by both thermal and light conditions during
embryogenesis. Thus, we have been able to identify a close correlation between the immunoreactive intensity of neuropeptides
and environmental conditions relating to the determination of embryonic diapause in B. mori. |
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