The influence of innate and pre‐existing immunity on adenovirus therapy |
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Authors: | Anne K Zaiss Hidevaldo B Machado Harvey R Herschman |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095;2. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095;3. Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095;4. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 |
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Abstract: | Recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors have been studied extensively in preclinical gene therapy models and in a range of clinical trials. However, innate immune responses to adenovirus vectors limit effectiveness of Ad5 based therapies. Moreover, extensive pre‐existing Ad5 immunity in human populations will likely limit the clinical utility of adenovirus vectors, unless methods to circumvent neutralizing antibodies that bind virus and block target cell transduction can be developed. Furthermore, memory T cell and humoral responses to Ad5 are associated with increased toxicity, raising safety concerns for therapeutic adenovirus vectors in immunized hosts. Most preclinical studies have been performed in naïve animals; although pre‐existing immunity is among the greatest hurdles for adenovirus therapies, it is also one of the most neglected experimentally. Here we summarize findings using adenovirus vectors in naïve animals, in Ad‐immunized animals and in clinical trials, and review strategies proposed to overcome innate immune responses and pre‐existing immunity. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 778–790, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
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Keywords: | adenovirus innate immunity neutralizing antibody gene therapy vaccination |
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