单端孢霉烯族毒素的产生及分子调控机制

禾谷镰刀菌复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex,FGSC)引起的赤霉病是小麦生产上危害最为严重的病害之一。赤霉病除了造成减产外,感病籽粒中含有多种镰刀菌毒素,如单端孢霉烯族的呕吐毒素,可引起人畜中毒和重大疾病,给食品安全构成严重威胁。过去20年,随着禾谷镰刀菌全基因组序列的公布和遗传转化体系的成熟,禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum的功能基因组学的研究取得了较大进展,单端孢霉烯族毒素的产生、调控机制及网络研究成为热点。本文综述国内外单端孢霉烯族毒素的生物合成和分子调控机制,包括合成基因簇及决定不同产毒化学型的基因、产毒调控元件、环境因子调控产毒的分子机制,可为小麦抗赤霉病的育种提供新思路,为新型药剂的研发提供分子靶标,为赤霉病的持续防控和毒素污染的有效治理提供理论依据。

Recent advances on trichothece mycotoxins: their biosynthesis and regulation

Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is the major causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and many other small grain cereals worldwide, causing yield losses, reducing grain quality due to contamination of mycotoxin, and seriously threatening food safety. Over the last two decades, with the publication of the F. graminearum genome sequence as well as the establishment of genetic transformation system of the fungus, significant progresses for gene function studies and a more comprehensive understanding for pathogenesis and mycotoxin biosynthesis regulatory mechanism of the fungs have been achieved. In this paper, recent advances on Fusarium mycotoxin biosynthesis and its regulatory mechanisms, including biosynthetic gene cluster, regulatory elements, and epigenetic modification for mycotoxin regulation are reviewed and summarized.