桑黄菌液体培养过程中酶活及多糖含量变化规律

桑黄孔菌属Sanghuangporus是一类具有重要药用价值的大型真菌,目前被国际公认为抗肿瘤效果最好的真菌之一。本研究以桑黄孔菌属中的杨树桑黄Sanghuangporus vaninii、鲍姆桑黄Sanghuangporus baumii和桑树桑黄Sanghuangporus sanghuang为研究对象,通过测定它们液体培养过程中第3、6、9、12、15、18和21天的菌丝生物量以及发酵液的多糖含量、蛋白质含量、漆酶活性、羧甲基纤维素酶活性、半纤维素酶活性、淀粉酶活性和蛋白酶活性等7个指标,对桑黄的生长代谢能力进行了评价。结果显示,3种桑黄真菌的发酵液均具有完整的胞外酶体系。相比之下,鲍姆桑黄的羧甲基纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性更高,杨树桑黄的漆酶活性更高,而桑树桑黄的蛋白酶活性更高,Pearson分析发现多糖的累积与其分泌的羧甲基纤维素酶、淀粉酶和半纤维素酶呈现显著正相关;蛋白质含量则与淀粉酶显著正相关。相应的,鲍姆桑黄和桑树桑黄在多糖含量和蛋白质含量方面显著优于杨树桑黄。研究结果为更好地研究、开发和利用桑黄提供了科学参考。

Activities of extracellular enzymes and polysaccharides in liquid culture of Sanghuangporus

Sanghuangporus is currently recognized as one of valuable medicinal macrofungi with antitumor activity. In this study, mycelial biomass and 7 indicative data including polysaccharide content, protein content, laccase activity, carboxymethyl cellulase activity, hemicellulase activity, amylase activity and protease activity of fermentation broths were tested at 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, 18th and 21st day during liquid cultivation of Sanghuangporus vaninii, S. baumii and S. sanghuang. The result showed that fermentation broth of the three species all had a complete extracellular enzyme system. S. baumii showed higher activity of carboxymethyl cellulose, hemicellulase and amylase; S. vaninii showed higher activity of laccase; S. sanghuang showed higher activity of protease. Pearson analysis demonstrated that the accumulation of polysaccharides was significantly related to the secretion of carboxymethyl cellulose, amylase and hemicellulose; protein content was positively correlated with amylase. S. sanghuang and S. baumii were significantly superior in terms of polysaccharide content and protein content as compared with S. vaninii. The results provided a scientific reference for further research, development and utilization of Sanghuangporus.