训练专一性对无氧阈测定的影响

本文对以上肢训练为主的15名优秀皮划艇运动员和以下肢训练为主的14名优秀中长跑运动员在两种常规负荷方式下的无氧阈及最大吸氧量进行了测定分析,以探讨训练专一性对无氧阈测定的影响。采用踏车式功量计和活动平板方式逐级递增负荷,通过与Apple Ⅱ_E辅助联机的Jaeger EOS自动分析系统,以通气和气体交换指标的变化,无创性地测定无氧阈和最大吸氧量。结果表明,训练专一性会影响无氧阈测定结果。欲测得最高的无氧阈值,实验室测试手段就应当尽量模拟训练时的运动形式。此外,能敏感地反映出运动训练专一性适应的是无氧阈时的吸氧量绝对值(1/min),而不是无氧阈的相对值(％Vo_2max)。

THE EFFECT OF THE TRAINING SPECIFICITY ON THE DETERMINATION OF ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the training specificity on the determination of anaerobic threshold ( AT ) , AT andVo2max were determined by automated analysis using a computer-assisted on-line Jaeger EOS system for 15 canoeists and 14 middle-long distance runners during two conventional modes of exercise(leg cycling and treadmill walk-running ) .The workloads of both the cycling and the tread-mill walk-running test were step-wise incremental until the subject reached volitional fatigue. Ventilation and gas exchange measurements were made every 30 seconds throughout each test. The criterion for determi-nation of AT was a systematic increase in VE/Vo2, a decrease in AFEo2without a decrease in FEco2, and departure from linearity of YE andYco2. The runners and the canoeists registered a 11.9% and 9,7% hig-her Vo2max ( l/min)on the treadmill compared with the bicycle ergomc-ter, respectively. No significant difference was found for AT-Yo2 be-tween the two modes of exercise, but the AT-%Vomax was significantlyhigher ( P<0.05 ) on the bicycle ergometer than on the treadmill in thecanoeists. The AT-Vo2 was significantly higher on the treadmill than on the bicycle ergometer, but there was no significant difference for AT-%Vo2max between the two modes of exercise in the runners. These data suggest that the training specificity may influence the determiation of AT and that laboratory test of the AT should simulate the movement patterns of training if maximal values are to be attained. The absoluteVo2 ( 1/min ) at AT reflects the specific adaptations to training programmore sensitively than the AT-%Vo2max.