Adaptation to bipedal gait and fifth metatarsal structural properties in Australopithecus,Paranthropus, and Homo |
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| Authors: | Mark R. Dowdeswell Tea Jashashvili Biren A. Patel Renaud Lebrun Randall L. Susman David Lordkipanidze Kristian J. Carlson |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA;3. Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi, Georgia;4. Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;5. Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA;6. Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA;7. Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier – UMR 5554, Montpellier, France;8. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA;9. School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;10. Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA |
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| Abstract: | Humans, unlike African apes, have relatively robust fifth metatarsals (Mt5) presumably reflecting substantial weight-bearing and stability function in the lateral column of the former. When this morphological difference emerged during hominin evolution is debated. Here we investigate internal diaphyseal structure of Mt5s attributed to Australopithecus (from Sterkfontein), Paranthropus (from Swartkrans), and Homo (from Olduvai, Dmanisi, and Dinaledi) placed in the context of human and African ape Mt5 internal diaphyseal structure. ‘Whole-shaft’ properties were evaluated from 17 cross sections sampling 25% to 75% diaphyseal length using computed tomography. To assess structural patterns, scaled cortical bone thicknesses (sCBT) and scaled second moments of area (sSMA) were visualized and evaluated through penalized discriminant analyses. While the majority of fossil hominin Mt5s exhibited ape-like sCBT, their sSMA were comparatively more human-like. Human-like functional loading of the lateral column existed in at least some fossil hominins, although perhaps surprisingly not in hominins from Dmanisi or Dinaledi. |
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| Keywords: | Bone functional adaptation Foot loading Lateral column Hominoids Visualization Adaptation fonctionnelle de l’os Répartition du poids sur le pied Partie latérale du pied Hominoïdes Visualisation |
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