Variability of the upper incisors in the cave bears (Carnivora,Ursidae) from the Caucasus and Urals |
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Authors: | Gennady Baryshnikov Dmitry Gimranov Pavel Kosintsev |
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Affiliation: | 1. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;2. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202, 8th March Street, 620008 Yekaterinburg, Russia |
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Abstract: | Morphometric and morphotypic variability of the cave bear upper incisors from two different geographic regions (Caucasus and Urals), different stratigraphic periods (middle and late Pleistocene), and bearing different mitochondrial haplogroups (kudarensis and ingressus) was studied. The specific diet of the cave bears, i.e. hard vegetables, led to noticeable differences between their incisors and the incisors of the brown bear (Ursus arctos). It was found that the upper incisors of the Caucasian cave bears from different stratigraphic periods demonstrate consistent development of their morphology. The late Pleistocene cave bears from the Urals show a greater similarity to the Caucasian cave bears from earlier periods than with the cave bears from later periods. Our results suggest that the incisor morphology has evolved independently in the Caucasian and Ural cave bears as they belong to different phylogenetic lineages and display different ways of adaptation to local environmental conditions. |
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Keywords: | Cave bears Morphotypes Size Variations Incisor Evolution Pleistocene Caucasus Ural Ours des cavernes Morphotypes Taille Variations Incisive Évolution Pléistocène Caucase Oural |
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