Monocyte transplantation for neural and cardiovascular ischemia repair |
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Authors: | Paul R. Sanberg Dong‐Hyuk Park Nicole Kuzmin‐Nichols Eduardo Cruz Nelson Americo Hossne Jr Enio Buffolo Alison E. Willing |
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Affiliation: | 1. Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA;2. Office of Research and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA;3. Saneron CCEL Therapeutics, INC., Tampa, FL, USA;4. Cryopraxis and Silvestre Laboratory, Cryopraxis, BioRio, Pólo de Biotecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;5. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of S?o Paulo, Rua Napole?o de Barros, Vila Clementino, S?o Paulo, Brazil |
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Abstract: | Neovascularization is an integral process of inflammatory reactions and subsequent repair cascades in tissue injury. Monocytes/macrophages play a key role in the inflammatory process including angiogenesis as well as the defence mechanisms by exerting microbicidal and immunomodulatory activity. Current studies have demonstrated that recruited monocytes/macrophages aid in regulating angiogenesis in ischemic tissue, tumours and chronic inflammation. In terms of neovascularization followed by tissue regeneration, monocytes/macrophages should be highly attractive for cell-based therapy compared to any other stem cells due to their considerable advantages: non-oncogenic, non-teratogenic, multiple secretary functions including pro-angiogenic and growth factors, straightforward cell harvesting procedure and non-existent ethical controversy. In addition to adult origins such as bone marrow or peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood (UCB) can be a potential source for autologous or allogeneic monocytes/macrophages. Especially, UCB monocytes should be considered as the first candidate owing to their feasibility, low immune rejection and multiple characteristic advantages such as their anti-inflammatory properties by virtue of their unique immune and inflammatory immaturity, and their pro-angiogenic ability. In this review, we present general characteristics and potential of monocytes/macrophages for cell-based therapy, especially focusing on neovascularization and UCB-derived monocytes. |
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Keywords: | ischemia inflammation angiogenesis/arteriogenesis monocyte/macrophage umbilical cord blood bone marrow peripheral blood transplantation stem cells |
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