The gender differences in health effects of environmental cadmium exposure and potential mechanisms |
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Authors: | Nishijo Muneko Satarug Soisungwan Honda Ryumon Tsuritani Ikiko Aoshima Keiko |
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Institution: | Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan. ni-koei@kanazawa-med.ac.jp |
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Abstract: | On a viewpoint of gender differences in Cd body burden and its health effects, we reviewed the population-based research including our own which conducted in Japan, Thailand, Australia, Poland, Belgium and Sweden to assess health effects of human exposure to environmental cadmium and their potential mechanisms. As a result, six risk factors in Cd health effects in women have been identified; (1) more serious type of renal tubular dysfunction, (2) difference in calcium metabolism and its regulatory hormones, (3) kidney sensitivity; difference in P450 phenotype, (4) pregnancy, (5) body iron store status, and (6) genetic factors. Further studies of Cd toxicity targeted to women would now appear necessary. |
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