小儿下呼吸道感染痰培养标本病原菌构成分析

目的了解小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌的分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药状况。方法对2710例小儿下呼吸道感染患者痰标本进行培养，用VITEK-2Compact微生物鉴定系统鉴定菌种和药敏试验，WHO-NET5．4软件对数据进行分析。结果共分离病原菌675株，革兰阴性杆菌457株，占67．7％，主要为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌；革兰阳性球菌159株，占23．5％，主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌；真菌59株，占8．7％，主要为白色假丝酵母菌。结论小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主，耐药性较为严重，应不断加强耐药性监测，合理使用抗菌药物。

Composition of pathogens cultured from sputum sampies causing lower respiratory tract infections in children

Objective To understand the species of the pathogenic causing lower respiratory tract infections in children the drug resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Methods The sputum samples obtained from 2 710 case of the patients in lower respiratory tract infection in children, strain identification and drug susceptibility testing were carried out by VITEK-2 Compact microbiological assay system. Statistical analysis was processed using WHONET 5.4. Resukts A total of 675 strains of pathogens were isolated, including 457 strains （57.7%） of gram-negative bacilli, among which the most common pathogens were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae; 159 strains （23.5%） of gram-positive Cocci, among which the most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae; and 59 strains（ 8.7% ）of Fungi, among which the most were Candida albicans. Conclusion The gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infection in children. The drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is serious. It is necessary to continuously monitor the drug resistance and use antibiotics rationally.