The Australian White Ibis (Threskiornis molucca) as a Reservoir of Zoonotic and Livestock Pathogens |
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| Authors: | Jonathan H. Epstein Jeffrey McKee Phil Shaw Vicki Hicks Gino Micalizzi Peter Daszak A. Marm Kilpatrick Gretchen Kaufman |
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| Affiliation: | (1) The Consortium for Conservation Medicine, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA;(2) Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia;(3) Eco-Sure Environmental Consultants, Tugun, Queensland, Australia;(4) Queensland Health Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia;(5) Department of Population and Environmental Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA |
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| Abstract: | Over the last 20 years, Australian white ibis populations (Threskiornis molucca) have expanded into urban areas, leading to increased contact between ibis, domestic animals, and humans. This has led to concern that ibis may transmit pathogens that threaten public health or food production. Here we report results from a study of ibis viral serology and bacterial culture that indicate that ibis are hosts of zoonotic and livestock pathogens such as Salmonella spp., Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus, and flaviviruses in Australia. We also performed a behavioral study to measure contact rates among ibis, people, and livestock that determine the potential for disease transmission. |
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| Keywords: | zoonoses Salmonella avian influenza Newcastle disease wild birds public health |
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