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NaCl-induced changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ in Arabidopsis thaliana are heterogeneous and modified by external ionic composition
Authors:Tracy Frances E  Gilliham Matthew  Dodd Antony N  Webb Alex A R  Tester Mark
Institution:Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK,;School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus PMB 1, Glen Osmond and;Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Hartley Grove, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
Abstract:Increases in cytosolic free Ca2+ (Ca2+]cyt) are common to many stress-activated signalling pathways, including the response to saline environments. We have investigated the nature of NaCl-induced Ca2+]cyt signals in whole Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings using aequorin. We found that NaCl-induced increases in Ca2+]cyt are heterogeneous and mainly restricted to the root. Both the concentration of NaCl and the composition of the solution bathing the root have profound effects on the magnitude and dynamics of NaCl-induced increases in Ca2+]cyt. Alteration of external K+ concentration caused changes in the temporal and spatial pattern of Ca2+]cyt increase, providing evidence for Na+-induced Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. The effects of various pharmacological agents on NaCl-induced increases in Ca2+]cyt indicate that NaCl may induce influx of Ca2+ through both plasma membrane and intracellular Ca2+-permeable channels. Analysis of spatiotemporal Ca2+]cyt dynamics using photon-counting imaging revealed additional levels of complexity in the Ca2+]cyt signal that may reflect the oscillatory nature of NaCl-induced changes in single cells.
Keywords:aequorin  Ca2+ imaging  Ca2+ oscillations  Ca2+ signalling  membrane potential  osmotic stress  salinity tolerance
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