Refining a kick sampling strategy for the bioassessment of benthic macroinvertebrates in headwater streams |
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Authors: | Hugh B Feeley Martina Woods Jan-Robert Baars Mary Kelly-Quinn |
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Institution: | (1) Freshwater Biodiversity, Ecology and Fisheries Research Group (freBEF), School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Education and Research Centre (West), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;(2) School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Education and Research Centre (West), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland |
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Abstract: | Small headwater streams constitute a large proportion of the river channel network in many parts of the world. In this study,
two multihabitat kick sampling methods (60-second and 20-second) were compared across 10 small headwater streams in the southwest
and east of Ireland in spring and summer 2009 to determine the influence of sampling on various benthic macroinvertebrates
in headwater streams. The performance of each method, over time and replication, was examined using a range of benthic macroinvertebrate
metrics, as well as the community composition and structure recorded by both methods. The ability to recruit taxa, as well
as the field sampling and laboratory processing effort required for each method, was also assessed. Results indicated that
both kick sampling methods generally recorded similar metric scores with the exception of taxonomic richness (t = 180 s and n = 9 replicates test) where the 20-second kicks consistently out preformed those calculated for the 60-second kicks. All other
metrics compared generally performed equally as well regardless of the method used. Multivariate analysis of macroinvertebrate
community assemblage, using SIMPROF, RELATE and CS-SMC analyses, further highlighted the high similarity in the macroinvertebrate
assemblage recorded between both methods. Finally, the 20-second kicks recruited taxa as efficiently as 60-second kicks samples
so long as replication was equal but required less sampling effort (NSE) and processing time. Therefore, the shorter 20-second
kicks can be used to assess the ecological health of headwater streams, provided that adequate replication is adopted, resulting
in significant effort, cost and time savings. |
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