Effects of shallow and deep sediment disturbance on whole-stream metabolism in experimental sand-bed flumes |
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Authors: | Linda Gerull Aline Frossard Mark O Gessner and Michael Mutz |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Freshwater Conservation, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Seestra?e 45, Bad Saarow, 15526 Cottbus, Germany;(2) Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology, ?berlandstrasse 133, 8600 D?bendorf, Switzerland;(3) Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;(4) Department of Stratified Lakes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerh?tte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany;(5) Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany |
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Abstract: | Water flow causes complex patterns of sediment disturbance in sand-bed streams, but effects on stream metabolism resulting
from different depths of sediment scour and fill are poorly known. We assessed such effects by manually disturbing sandy sediments
of 16 experimental outdoor flumes to two different depths (1 and 4 cm) during an early and a more advanced stage of stream
community succession. To separate effects on heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolism, half of the flumes were permanently
covered. At the early successional stage, sediment disturbance did not affect net community production (NCP), while sediment
mixing reduced production independent of disturbance depth in the later stage. Microbial respiration, in contrast, was significantly
stimulated when sediment was mixed to greater depth. These results suggest that disturbing sediments during early successional
stages has no effect on whole-stream metabolism, whereas at later stages, deep sediment disturbance can lead to a transitory
shift toward heterotrophy. The recovery time of NCP from perturbation was independent of disturbance depth. Similar trajectories
observed after deep and shallow sediment disturbance indicate that delayed recovery was not simply due to mixing algae into
deeper sediment layers but primarily a result of disrupting the fine structure of the surface sediment. |
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