Mechanism of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Lysosome Destabilization

Lysosomal destabilization is critical for the organelle and living cells. Phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) was shown to be able to destabilize lysosomes under some conditions. By what mechanism the enzyme affects lysosomal stability is not fully studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), a PLA₂-produced lipid metabolite, on lysosomal ion permeability, osmotic sensitivity and stability. By measuring lysosomal β-hexosaminidase free activity, membrane potential, proton leakage and their enzyme latency loss in hypotonic sucrose medium, we established that lysoPC could increase the lysosomal permeability to both potassium ions and protons and enhance lysosomal osmotic sensitivity. These changes in lysosomal membrane properties promoted entry of potassium ions into lysosomes via K⁺/H⁺ exchange. The resultant osmotic imbalance across the membranes led to losses of lysosomal integrity. The enhancement of lysosomal osmotic sensitivity caused the lysosomes to become more liable to destabilization in osmotic shock. These results suggest that lysoPC may play a key role in PLA₂-induced lysosomal destabilization.