Genetic diversity in three species of Forsythia (Oleaceae) endemic to Korea: Implications for population history,taxonomy, and conservation |
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| Institution: | 1. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Pyzhevskii pereulok, 119017 Moscow, Russia;2. Sun Yat-sen University, 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China;1. Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia;2. Senckenberg Research Institute, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, ROCEEH Research Center “The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans”, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt M., Germany;3. Unité de Modélisation du Climat et des Cycles Biogéochimiques (UMCCB), Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, Bât. B5c, Allée du Six Août 19C, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;4. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt M., Germany;5. Steinmann Institute, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany;1. Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Departamento Hidráulica e Ambiente, Avenida do Brasil, 101, 1700–066 – Lisboa, Portugal;2. IBB – Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico/Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049–001 – Lisboa, Portugal;1. Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;2. Division of Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea;3. Crop Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | As the mountains in temperate regions have been hypothesized as refugia for boreal and temperate plants during the Last Glacial Maximum, one would expect high within-population genetic variation and low or moderate among-population differentiation for those species occurring there. We selected Forsythia ovata and Forsythia saxatilis, endemic to limestone mountains of Korea, to test the scenario that limestone ranges would also have acted as refugia. We undertook a population genetic analysis using 14 putative allozyme loci of the two species and the widely cultivated Forsythia koreana. We found relatively high levels of genetic diversity and low to moderate among-population differentiation in F. ovata and F. saxatilis, which are consistent with the proposed scenario. Allozyme data revealed that F. ovata and F. saxatilis are likely conspecific. As many populations of F. ovata and F. saxatilis have experienced dramatic decreases in their size, a comprehensive conservation program is urgently needed. |
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