精神分裂症患者肠道菌群特征与认知损害的关系

观察精神分裂症患者肠道菌群特征，并分析其与认知损害的关系。

选择2020年3月至2022年3月我院收治的175例精神分裂症患者作为研究对象。所有患者入院时均接受轻度认知损害筛查量表（sMCI）评估，根据认知损害发生情况，分为认知损害组和非认知损害组。统计两组患者一般资料和肠道菌群特征，分析精神分裂症患者肠道菌群特征与认知损害的关系。

175例精神分裂症患者中出现认知损害91例（52.00%），未出现认知损害84例（48.00%）。认知损害组患者sMCI评分低于非认知损害组（P＜0.05）。两组患者肠道菌群α多样性比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。两组对象肠道菌群的特征性物种在门水平为拟杆菌门（LDA = 2.54），厚壁菌门（LDA = 4.25）；在纲水平为拟杆菌纲（LDA = 3.57），梭菌纲（LDA = 4.31）；在科水平为产碱杆菌科（LDA = 4.23）和梭菌科（LDA = 2.76）；在属水平为萨特菌属（LDA = 3.18）。认知损害组患者肠道拟杆菌门丰度高于非认知损害组，厚壁菌门丰度低于非认知损害组；拟杆菌纲丰度高于非认知损害组，梭菌纲丰度低于非认知损害组；产碱杆菌科丰度高于非认知损害组，梭菌科丰度低于非认知损害组；萨特菌属丰度高于非认知损害组（均P＜0.05）。Logistics回归分析显示，高丰度的拟杆菌门、拟杆菌纲、产碱杆菌科、萨特菌属是精神分裂症患者发生认知损害的危险因素（OR＞1，均P＜0.05）；高丰度的厚壁菌门、梭菌纲是精神分裂症患者发生认知损害的保护因素（OR＜1，均P＜0.05）。

精神分裂症患者肠道菌群结构显著失衡，且部分菌群丰度与认知损害密切相关。

The characteristics of intestinal flora and its relationship with cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia

ObjectiveTo observe the characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with schizophrenia and analyze its relationship with cognitive impairment. MethodsA total of 175 patients with schizophrenia treated in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the subjects. All the patients were assessed by using screening scale for mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) at admission. According to the occurrence of cognitive impairment, they were divided into cognitive impairment group and non cognitive impairment group. The baseline data and intestinal flora characteristics of the two groups were statistically analyzed, and the relationship between intestinal flora characteristics and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia was analyzed. ResultsAmong the 175 patients with schizophrenia, 91 (52.00%) had cognitive impairment and 84 (48.00%) had no cognitive impairment; the score of sMCI in cognitive impairment group was lower than that in non cognitive impairment group (P＜0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in intestinal flora α diversity between the two groups (all P＞0.05). The characteristic species of intestinal flora in the two groups were Bacteroidetes (LDA = 2.54), Firmicutes (LDA = 4.25); Bacteroides (LDA = 3.57) and Clostridium (LDA = 4.31) at the class level; Alcaligenes (LDA = 4.23) and Clostridium (LDA = 2.76) at the family level; Satterella (LDA = 3.18) at the genus level. The abundance of Bacteroidetes in the cognitive impairment group was higher than that in the non cognitive impairment group, and the abundance of Firmicutes was lower than that in the non cognitive impairment group. The abundance of Bacteroides was higher than that of non cognitive impairment group, and the abundance of Clostridium was lower than that of non cognitive impairment group. The abundance of Alkalobacteriaceae was higher than that of the non cognitive impairment group, and the abundance of Clostridium was lower than that of the non cognitive impairment group. The abundance of Satterella was higher than that of non cognitive impairment group (all P＜0.05). Logistics regression analysis showed that high abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidetes, Alkaliobacteriaceae and Satterella were risk factors for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients (OR＞1, all P＜0.05). Firmicutes and Clostridium in high abundance were protective factors for cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia (OR＜1, all P＜0.05). ConclusionThe imbalance of intestinal flora structure in patients with schizophrenia is obvious, and the abundance of some flora is closely related to cognitive impairment.