粪菌移植对高原环境下SD大鼠体质量、血常规指标及肠道菌群的影响

探究粪菌移植对低海拔动物的高原适应性的影响。

将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组，每组10只，即模拟高原环境组（H组）、模拟高原环境＋抗生素预处理组（HA组）及模拟高原环境＋抗生素预处理＋高原鼢鼠粪菌组（HAM组）。粪菌移植结束，持续饲养3周后，将所有组大鼠转移至模拟海拔6 000 m环境低压氧舱饲养30 d。测定粪菌移植对SD大鼠体质量、血常规指标及肠道菌群的影响。

HAM组、HA组和H组3组大鼠间平均日采食量比较差异无统计学意义（F = 2.928，P＞0.05），H组大鼠平均日增重显著低于HA组、HAM组（F = 3.951，P＜0.05）；HA组大鼠中性粒细胞数量较H组、HAM组分别上升7.85%和51.27%，HA组大鼠单核细胞数、单核细胞百分比显著高于H组、HAM组（F = 5.131、4.325，均P＜0.05）；HAM组、HA组和H组大鼠肠道菌群的优势菌门以拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）为主。HAM组大鼠肠道菌群的毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae）的相对丰度显著高于HA组、H组（F = 8.545，P＜0.01），毛螺菌科NK4A136属（Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group）的相对丰度显著高于HA组、H组（F = 3.926，P＜0.05）。LEfSe分析显示，HAM组大鼠肠道菌群中对群落结构影响较大的物种有乳螺目（Lachnospirales）、毛螺菌科。

通过粪菌移植能够提高进入高原环境的低海拔动物的高原适应性。

Effects of fecal bacteria transplantation on body weight,blood routine indexes and intestinal flora of SD rats in plateau environment

Objective To observe the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on plateau adaptation of low-altitude animals. MethodsThirty SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 10 rats in each group, namely simulated plateau environment (H group), simulated plateau environment+antibiotic pretreatment (HA group), and simulated plateau environment+antibiotic pretreatment+plateau zokor feces bacteria (HAM group). After the FMT was completed for 3 weeks, all the groups were transferred to a hypobaric oxygen chamber at a simulated altitude of 6,000 m for 30 days after continuous feeding. The effects of FMT on body weight, blood routine indexes and intestinal flora of SD rats were determined. ResultsThere was no significant difference in average daily feed intake among HAM group, HA group, and H group (F = 2.928, P＞0.05), and the average daily weight gain in the H group was significant lower than that in HA group and HAM group respectively (F = 3.951, P＜0.05). Compared with the H group and HAM group, the number of neutrophils in the HA group increased by 7.85% and 51.27%, respectively, and the number and percentage of monocytes in the HA group were significantly higher than those in the H group and HAM group respectively (F = 5.131, F = 4.325, all P＜0.05). The dominant bacterial phyla in HAM group, HA group and H group were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae in the intestinal microbiota of the HAM group rats was significantly higher compared to the HA and H groups (F = 8.545, P＜0.01), and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was significantly higher in the HAM group than in the HA and H groups (F = 3.926, P＜0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that the species in HAM group with a greater impact on the community structure were Lachnospirales and Lachnospiraceae. ConclusionFecal microbiota transplantation can improve the plateau adaptability of low-altitude animals entering the plateau environment.