Genetic relationship among Mongolian native goat populations estimated by blood protein polymorphism

Several local strains and populations of goats distinguished by morphogenetic and performance characteristics are kept by goat breeders in different natural climatic regions of Mongolia, namely Bayandelger, Ulgii Red, Erchim Black, Dorgon and Zavkhan Buural. The genetic relationships among eight native goat populations in Mongolia at 33 biochemical genetic loci was assessed. A total of 440 animals in eight regional zones were studied. Twelve loci, i.e. the serum transferrin, serum amylase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum prealbumin-3, cell esterase-D, hemoglobin (Hb) β, hemoglobin (Hb) α-II, cell peptidase-B, cell tetrazolium oxidase, cell esterase-1, cell esterase-2 and cell catalase loci, were found to be polymorphic. The data indicated that Mongolian native goats are not highly differentiated (D=0.0002–0.0038) genetically. To set Mongolian native goats in a larger context, the present data were compared with those on other goat breeds and populations in east and southeast Asia that were previously reported. The average heterozygosity in the Mongolian native goats did not significantly differ from those in other Asian goat populations and breeds. A phylogenetic tree of the gene constitution of the Mongolian native goats and other Asian goat breeds and populations was constructed and revealed that genetically the Mongolian native goats had diverged slightly from the group consisting of Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Indonesian native goats, but markedly from the Indian goat group.