Las Alpujarras region (South East Spain) HLA genes study: evidence of a probable success of 17th century repopulation from North Spain |
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Authors: | Javier Longás Jorge Martínez-Laso Diego Rey Cristina Areces Eduardo Gómez Casado Carlos Parga-Lozano Francisco Luna Mercedes Enriquez de Salamanca Pedro Moral Antonio Arnaiz-Villena |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Av. Democracia s/n, 28032 Madrid, Spain;(2) Unidad de Inmunoterapia Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiolog?a, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;(3) Departamento de Zoolog?a y Antropolog?a F?sica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;(4) Unidad de Antropolog?a, Departamento de Biolog?a Animal, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain |
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Abstract: | Conquest of Granada Muslim Kingdom (1492 AD) finished with Muslim occupation; they were mostly North African Berbers who had
reached Iberia by 711 AD. A politics of Iberian Christianization followed after this date: Jewish were expelled in 1492 and
Moriscos (Spaniards practicing Muslim religion or speaking Arab) were expelled from all Spanish territory on 1609 AD. Las Alpujarras is a southern Spain mountainous secluded region, which underwent a repopulation from North Spain and a specific Muslim (Moriscos)–Christian war took place according to historical records. Both Las Alpujarras repopulation by northern Iberians and Moriscos expulsion success have been debated and are regarded as non-clarified episodes. In this study, we have addressed the question
whether the repopulation succeeded by determining HLA genes of present day Las Alpujarras inhabitants and compared with those of other Mediterranean populations HLA frequencies and genealogies. HLA frequencies show
ambiguous results because of extant HLA similar gene frequencies there exist in North Africa and Spain. This is reflected
by the finding of North and South western Mediterraneans close relatedness of HLA dendrograms and correspondence analyses.
However, the genealogical study of extended HLA haplotypes particularly Alpujarran high frequency of HLA-A29-B44-DRB1*0701-DQA1*02-DQB1*02
(not found in Algerians but frequent in North and Central Spain) and Alpujarran low frequency extended haplotype HLA-A3-B7-DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602
(frequent in North Europe) reveals that a significant HLA gene flow from North Spain is observed in present day Alpujarrans:
both haplotypes are characteristic of North Spain and North Europe, respectively. This may indicate that enforced Alpujarran
repopulation from North Spain may have been a success, which was started by Spanish King Philip II in 1571 AD. |
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