Molecular characterization and expression analysis of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saussurea medusa</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Houhua Li Jian Qiu Fudong Chen Xiaofen Lv Chunxiang Fu Dexiu Zhao Xuejun Hua Qiao Zhao |
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Institution: | (1) Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China;(2) Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA;(3) Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA;(4) College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; |
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Abstract: | Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which catalyzes the reduction of dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanins, is a key enzyme
in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, proanthocyanidins, and other flavonoids of importance in plant development and human
nutrition. This study isolated a full length cDNA encoding DFR, designated as SmDFR (GenBank Accession No. EF600682), by screening a cDNA library from a red callus line of Saussurea medusa, which is an endangered, traditional Chinese medicinal plant with high pharmacological value. SmDFR was functionally expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to confirm that SmDFR can readily reduce dihydroquercetin (DHQ) and dihydrokampferol (DHK), but it could not reduce dihydromyricetin
(DHM). The deduced SmDFR structure shared extensive sequence similarity with previously characterized plant DFRs and phylogenetic
analysis showed that it belonged to the plant DFR super-family. SmDFR also possessed flavanone 4-reductase (FNR) activity
and can catalyze the conversion of eridictyol to luteoforol. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of SmDFR was higher in flowers compared with both leaves and roots. This work greatly enhances our knowledge of flavonoid biosynthesis
in S. medusa and marks a major advance that could facilitate future genetic modification of S. medusa. |
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