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Neuroglia in ageing and disease |
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| Authors: | Alexei Verkhratsky José J. Rodríguez Vladimir Parpura |
| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK 2. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain 3. Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain 6. The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK 7. IKERBASQUE, The University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Technological Park, Bldg. 205, Floor ?1, Laida Bidea, 48170, Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain 4. Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Civitan International Research Center, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA 5. Department of Biotechnology, University or Rijeka, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia 8. Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 429, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA |
| Abstract: | The proper operation of the mammalian brain requires dynamic interactions between neurones and glial cells. Various types of glial cells are susceptible to morpho-functional changes in a variety of brain pathological states, including toxicity, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Morphological modifications include a change in the glial cell size and shape; the latter is evident by changes of the appearance and number of peripheral processes. The most blatant morphological change is associated with the alteration of the sheer number of neuroglia cells in the brain. Functionally, glial cells can undergo various metabolic and biochemical changes, the majority of which reflect upon homeostasis of neurotransmitters, in particular that of glutamate, as well as on defence mechanisms provided by neuroglia. Not only glial cells exhibit changes associated with the pathology of the brain but they also change with brain aging. |
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