Synthesis,characterization and cytotoxicity studies of 1,2,3-triazoles and 1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidines in human breast cancer cells

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) is essential for physiological functions of tissues and neovasculature. VEGFR signaling is associated with the progression of pathological angiogenesis in various types of malignancies, making it an attractive therapeutic target in cancer treatment. In the present work, we report the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles and 1,2,4-triazolo1, 5-a]pyrimidine derivatives via copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and screened for their anticancer activity against MCF7 cells. We identified 1-(2′-ethoxy-4′-fluoro-1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (EFT) as lead cytotoxic agent against MCF7 cell lines with an IC₅₀ value of 1.69?µM. Further evaluation revealed that EFT induces cytotoxicity on Ishikawa, MDA-MB-231 and BT474 cells with IC₅₀ values of 1.97, 4.81 and 4.08?µM respectively. However, EFT did not induce cytotoxicity in normal lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Previous reports suggested that 1,2,3-triazoles are the inhibitors of VEGFR1 and therefore, we evaluated the effect of EFT on the expression of VEGFR1. The results demonstrated that EFT downregulates the expression of VEGFR1 in MCF7 cells. In summary, we identified a potent cytotoxic agent that imparts its antiproliferative activity by targeting VEGFR1 in breast cancer cells. The novel compound could serve as a lead structure in developing VEGFR1 inhibitors.