At which surface roughness do claws cling? Investigations with larvae of the running water mayfly Epeorus assimilis (Heptageniidae,Ephemeroptera) |
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| Authors: | Petra Ditsche-Kuru Wilhelm Barthlott Jochen HE Koop |
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| Institution: | 1. Biological Interfaces Working Group, Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;2. Department of Animal Ecology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany;1. Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Casilla de Correo 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina;2. Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Universitat de Barcelona, Ave. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;2. Dep. Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Univ. Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;3. Dep. Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;4. Instituto de Biología Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta 37-39, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain;5. Apartado de correos 1209, E-21080 Huelva, Spain;6. Dep. Zoología, Univ. Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain;1. International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco;2. Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17000 La Rochelle, France;1. Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;2. Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China;1. Telebio Biomedical Co., Ltd., No. 6 Building, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China;2. Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3. Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;4. Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China;5. INSERM U972, Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | Tarsal claws, which are common attachment devices in arthropods, interlock with the surface irregularities of the substrata. Most insects have two tarsal claws, but the larvae of some aquatic insects, such as Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera, bear only one claw on their tarsi. The range of surface roughness that is sufficient for the function of the single claws of aquatic invertebrates has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the surface texture required for the function of the claws of larvae of the mayfly, Epeorus assimilis. We conducted attachment experiments using replications with defined surface roughness, white light profilometry, videotaping and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that the choice of an appropriate roughness order is very important. A setting resulting in a cut-off length of approximately thirty times the diameter of the claw tip proved most appropriate for describing the roughness order that is relevant for the functioning of the claws of E. assimilis larvae. Common technical roughness parameters such as Ra, Rq or Rz supplied sufficient differentiation between the tested substrata. E. assimilis larvae require a minimum surface roughness (Ra ～ 6.0 μm) for their claws to grip. At lesser surface roughness, the larvae left the substratum. This was surprising because E. assimilis larvae have been observed to attach even to smooth surfaces. Based on the use of sterile substrata in this experiment, we assume that coverage with biofilm considerably influences the attachment of the larvae. |
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