Infant formula supplemented with polyamines alters the intestinal microbiota in neonatal BALB/cOlaHsd mice |
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| Authors: | Carlos Gómez-Gallego María C Collado Toni Ilo Ulla-Marjut Jaakkola María J Bernal María J Periago Seppo Salminen Gaspar Ros Rafael Frias |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain;2. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Science, IATA-CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain;3. Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;4. Institute of Infant Nutrition, Hero Spain, Alcantarilla (Murcia), Spain;5. Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;1. Borås Children''s Hospital, South Älvsborg''s Hospital, Borås, Sweden;2. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Stockholm, Sweden;1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China;2. Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, Yichang, 443000, Hubei province, PR China;3. University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan;4. College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, 860000, PR China;1. SIMEF, via Nicolo’ da Reggio 4, 89128 Reggio Calabria, Italy;2. Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;1. School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia;2. International Sheep Research Centre, IVABS, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | Polyamines play a critical role in the development of intestinal and immune systems during the infant breastfeeding period, but the effect of polyamines on the microbiota has not been reported. The aim of our study was to characterize the impact on the colonization pattern in neonatal BALB/cOlaHsd mice after supplementing an infant formula (IF) with a mixture of putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM). A total of 48 pups (14 days old) were randomly assigned to 4-day intervention groups as follows: breast-fed (unweaned) pups (n=12); weaned pups (n=12) fed an infant formula (IF); weaned pups (n=12) fed an IF enriched with a low concentration of PUT, SPD and SPM (2.10, 22.05 and 38.00 μg/day, respectively); and weaned pups (n=12) fed with IF enriched with a high concentration of PUT, SPD and SPM (8.40, 88.20 and 152.00 μg/day, respectively) of polyamines in accordance with normal proportions found in human milk. Microbiota composition was analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with flow cytometry detection. Microbiota changes in formula-fed mice were significantly greater following supplementation with polyamines (P<.01). Bifidobacterium group bacteria, Akkermansia-like bacteria and Lactobacillus–Enterococcus group levels were higher in the groups fed infant formula supplemented with polyamines, resulting in even higher numbers of bacteria than in the breastfed pups. Our findings indicate that infant formulas enriched with polyamines may interact with gut microbiota, suggesting that further studies in human infants are required to assess the impact of polyamines on both growth and microbiota levels. |
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