Developmental aspects of fracture healing and the use of pharmacological agents to alter healing

Fracture healing is a specialized postnatal repair process that recapitulates many aspects of embryological skeletal development. While many of the molecular mechanisms that control cellular differentiation and growth during embryogenesis recur during fracture healing, these processes take place in a postnatal environment that is unique and distinct from those which exist during embryogenesis. A number of the central biological processes that are believed to be crucial in the embryonic differentiation and growth of skeletal tissues and play a functional role in fracture healing are reviewed. The functional modification of these various developmental processes of fracture healing is discussed in the context of how different pharmacological agents might alter fracture healing.