天麻蚜蝇在湖北宜昌发生危害的调查研究

为了保护天麻(Gastrodia elataBl.)的安全生产和麻农的经济效益,为后续防治工作提供科学依据,研究了危害天麻新害虫——天麻蚜蝇Azpeytia shirakii Hurkmans的危害特征、虫口密度、连作与未连作麻窖中天麻受害情况和天麻球茎不同生长发育阶段受害情况。结果表明:天麻蚜蝇幼虫多从天麻球茎的幼嫩生长点或新生麻部蛀入,被害天麻球茎表面可明显地观察到蛀眼,解剖天麻的球茎发现1个天麻内一般有1～3条蛀道,蛀道直径达5～8mm;在1m2麻窖内虫口密度可达38～50头;天麻被危害率(约等于损失率)为20%以上;连作与未连作麻窖中天麻的被危害率之间存在极显著性差异(P<0.01)。并提出了相应的防治建议。

Research on Azpeytia shirakii in Yichang, Hubei

In order to safeguard the safe production and economic benefit of Gastrodia elata Bl.,and provide scientific direction for the prevention and control of its pests,we studied the adverse effects of a new pest of this plant,Azpeytia shirakii Hurkmans（Diptera：Syrphidae）.The damage caused by different densities of A.shirakii was studied in both continually cropped and non-continually cropped fields.The results show that A.shirakii larva enter the new growing tips of G.elata rhizomes;the damaged exterior of the resultant wormholes could be easily observed.We found 1-3 bands of 5-8 mm diameter worm-tracts in rhizomes.Larval density was 38-50 individuals per m2.The proportion of damaged plants exceeded 20% but differed（P 0.01） between continually cropped and non-continually cropped fields.Some suggestions for the prevention and control of A.shirakii are provided.