苹果树冠层空气温差变化及其与环境因子的关系

于2002—2005年,采用红外测温仪观测得到苹果树主要生长季节冠层温度数据,结合同步观测得到冠层净辐射(Rn)、风速(V)、空气温度(Ta)和湿度(RH)等冠层微气象要素数据及0～80cm土壤含水量(SW),分析苹果树冠层-空气温差(△T)变化规律及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明:苹果树主要生长季节(萌芽期—果实迅速膨大期)晴天△T日变化呈多峰曲线分布,△T最高值都出现在12:00—13:00左右;阴天△T日变化呈多峰曲线分布,但△T绝对值明显低于晴天日.2003年和2004年晴天日14:00△T与Rn、V、RH及SW具有较好的复相关关系:ΔT=7.159-0.002Rn-0.061V-0.7RH-46.0SW(r=-0.825),与Rn、RH、V及SW的偏相关系数分别为0.125、-0.078、-0.036和-0.874,逐步回归方程式为ΔT=5.317-43.1SW,说明土壤水分对△T的影响程度相对最大.经2002年和2005年观测数据验证,△T观测值与计算值吻合关系较好,二者线性相关系数可达0.9083.这说明采用晴天日14:00时刻数据分析△T的影响机制,预测土壤水分含量具有很好的可行性.

Variation of apple tree canopy-air temperature difference and its relations to environment factors

By using portable infrared thermometer, the canopy temperature (Tc) of apple tree in its main growth season was measured in 2002-2005. Combined with the synchronous micro-meteorological data on the canopy, such as net radiation (Rn), wind speed (V), air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH), as well as the soil water content (SW) at 0-80 cm depth, the variation of apple tree canopy-air temperature differential (DeltaT) and its relationships to environmental factor were analyzed. The results showed that from bud stage to fruit-developing stage, there were several peaks in the diurnal curve of DeltaT, with the maximum at 12:00-13:00 in fine days, and the absolute value of DeltaT in fine days was higher than that in overcast days. Based on data of 2003 and 2004, the DeltaT at 14:00 was significantly correlated with the RH, V, Rn, SW in fine days, and the regression equation was DeltaT = 7.159 - 0.002Rn - 0.061V - 0.7RH - 46.0SW (P < 0.01, r = 0.825). The partial coefficient for Rn, RH, V and SW was 0.125, -0.078, -0.036, -0.874, respectively, and the stepwise regression equation was DeltaT = 5.317 - 43.1SW (P < 0.01), suggesting that SW was the most important environmental factor affecting DeltaT. After validated with the measured data in 2002 and 2005, it was found that the measured DeltaT was highly accorded with the simulated one (r = 0.9083, P < 0.01, n = 40), and thus, it was of possibility to use the data of DeltaT at 14:00 in fine days to predict the soil water content in apple orchard.