Frenkelia parasites in a small mammal community. Dynamics of infection and effect on the host

A community of small mammals, Clethrionomys glareolus, Arvicola terrestris, Microtus arvalis, M. agrestis, M. subterraneus, Apodemus spp. and Sorex spp., was studied as hosts of Frenkelia glareoli and F. microti in Fronche-Comté (France). They were monitored in spring, summer and autumn on an area of about 1,350 ha comprising open field, hedgerow network and forest. Among 1,714 small mammals examined between July 1992 and October 1993, 47% (178/376) of C. glareolus, 9.9% (14/139) of A. terrestris and 1.3% (4/311) of Apodemus spp. were infected by F. glareoli. The prevalence of infection with F. microti was 9.2% (66/716) in M. arvalis and 8.2% (6/73) in M. agrestis. M. subterraneus and Sorex spp. were not infected. The maintenance of each parasite in a rural landscape is assured both by a forest and a grassland host. Multiple logistic regression showed that prevalence was highly age-dependent, with an apparent seasonal pattern. Prevalence varied between 30% in summer and 60% in early spring for F. glareoli in C. glareolus and between 3% in autumn to 30% in early spring for F. microti in M. arvalis. The year, habitat, host sex, relative density had no impact on prevalence. In M. arvalis only, sexually active voles were preferentially uninfected, indicating a possible impact of this parasitism on fertility.