脲酶抑制剂氢醌的环境效应评价

本文根据用标记和非标记氢醌进行的模拟、盆栽和田间定位试验,结合国内外文献有关氢醌的环境常数,论述了氢醌在土壤-植物系统的去向和代谢途径、对土壤酶活性的影响及其环境效应。得出的结论是:作为脲酶抑制剂使用的微量氢醌(0.3—0.4％,与尿素重量比),不会从土壤中淋失和挥发,在土壤和植物中没有累积,对与碳、氮和磷转化有关的土壤酶活性很少影响。在土壤中,它将通过氧化、臭氧化和生物学降解,经由环断裂生成二元酸或参与腐殖物质的合成。在植物体内,主要通过糖苷化得到同化和利用。因此,氢醌作为脲酶抑制剂在农业生产中应用是安全的。

Evaluation on environmental effect of the urease inhibitor hydroquinone.

Based on the simulation study, pot experiment and field experiment with labelled and unlabelled hydroquinone and consulting foreign literatures, this paper discussed the direction in which hydroquinone has gone, the eff ects of hydroquinone on soil biological activity and its environmental effect when applicated with minor amount over long period of time. It is concluded that minor amount of hydroquinone entered into soil with hydroquinone containing urea fertilizer will not accumulate in soil and plant, and not enterinto underground water and atmosphere. In soil, hydroquinone will be involved in the formation of humic substances or photooxidated,ozonated and biodegrated, forming dibasic acids through the break of benzene ring. In plant, it will be assimilated by the conjugation of glucoside. It has a promoting or inhibitory effect on the activity of soil enzymes at the early stage of application but assuaged or disappeared with time. Therefore, hydroquinone used as an urease inhibitor will not induce the pollution of environment and the poising of food chain.