东营盐生植物园土壤动物群落多样性研究

【背景】生物多样性是生物安全的重要内容之一，其包括基因多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性3个方面。环境污染、农药污染、重金属污染、海水倒灌、人类活动等诸多因素导致了物种多样性的降低。保护生物多样性是黄河三角洲大规模开发建设必须考虑的关键问题之一。【方法】用Tullgren干漏法分离、采集山东省黄河三角洲地区东营盐生植物园的土壤动物标本，对其多样性进行研究。【结果】蜱螨目是该地区的主要优势类群，占捕获土壤动物总数量的78．95％；另一优势类群为弹尾目，占捕获土壤动物总数量的14．03％；膜翅目和鞘翅目是常见类群，分别占捕获土壤动物总数量的3．57％和1．43％；其他均为稀有类群。在调查的10块样地中，优势类群弹尾目个体数量变化明显，在不同样地问的分布数量存在明显差异。东营盐生植物园土壤动物多样性与均匀度变化规律一致。【结论与意义】蜱螨目、弹尾目、膜翅目和鞘翅目构成了东营盐生植物园土壤动物的主体，对该区土壤动物群落多样性特征起着决定性作用。该区稀有类群多，但稀有物种数量较少，如不采取有效措施，该区的稀有物种随时有灭绝的危险。同时，盐胁迫作用的增强，能够影响土壤动物的数量与分布。因此，我们应在关注盐碱地改造进程的同时，更加关注该区土壤动物多样性的变化。

The diversity of soil fauna in a halophyte garden in Dongying, Yellow River Region

[ Background ] Biodiversity is one of the important assets, linked to biological safety. Biodiversity including genetic, spe- cies and ecosystem diversities, can be reduced by environmental pollution, pesticide pollution, heavy metal pollution, seawater in- trusion, human activity and other factors. During the Yellow River Delta （YRD） ecological economic zone construction, biodiversity protection is one of the key problems. [ Method ] We aimed to create baseline data on soil diversity, using the Tullgren extraction method of soil cores, followed by sorting and identification of soil-living animal specimens. [ Result] At the YRD in Dongying halo- phytes garden, Aeari and Collembola were the dominant groups. The former accounted for 78.95% , the latter for 14.03% of all in- dividuals collected. Other frequent groups included Hymenoptera （3.57%） and Coleoptera （1.43%）. The Number of Collembola individuals changed obviously, the distribution number had significant differences among the different samples. The change rule of the index of diversity of the soil fauna in the YRD was unified with the index of evenness. [ Conclusion and significance ] Acarina, Collembola, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera formed the majority of soil animal diversity in Dongying halophyte garden soil, with many rare species. If we do not take effective measures, the rare species were at risk of extinction. We should pay more attention to the soil animal diversity, soil animal population distribution will reduce if salt stress increased.