温度及补充营养物对泽兰实蝇寿命的影响

【背景】泽兰实蝇是恶性杂草紫茎泽兰的专食性天敌,能够抑制紫茎泽兰的生长、发育,可有效控制紫茎泽兰的蔓延。【方法】采用人工恒温饲养方法,分别设置5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40℃等8个温度及配置浓度为2.5%、5%、10%和20%的不同营养物(白糖、蜂蜜和葡萄糖),测定温度及营养物对泽兰实蝇雌、雄成虫寿命的影响。【结果】在5℃时雌、雄成虫寿命最长,分别为35.06、35.26d;在40℃时雌、雄成虫寿命最短,均为0.16d。雄成虫饲喂20%葡萄糖时寿命最长,为30.00d;而雌成虫饲喂20%白糖时寿命最长,为19.20d。【结论与意义】在5～40℃泽兰实蝇雌、雄成虫寿命与温度呈负相关性;20℃下补充白糖、蜂蜜和葡萄糖均能延长雌、雄成虫寿命。这为泽兰实蝇的室内大量繁殖和田间释放提供了理论依据。

Effects of temperature and supplementary nutrients on the life span of adult Procecidochares utilis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

[ Background ] Procecidochares utilis Stone （ Diptera： Tephritidae）, an obligatory parasite of the invasive plant, Eupatori- um adenophorum Spreng, can inhibit the growth and development of its host plant, and can effectively control its spread of E. adeno- phorum. [ Method]P. utilis were artificially reared at eight constant temperatures （5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ and 40 ℃ ） and different nutrients （sugar, honey and glucose） at concentrations of 2.5% , 5%, 10% and 20%. The life span ofP. uti- I/s adults were recorded. [ Result] Adults, both males and females lived longest at 5 ℃ （35.06 d and 35.26 d, respectively）, but both males and females lived shortest at 40 ℃ （0.16 d）. Adult males fed on 20% glucose solution hved the longest （30.0 d）, while adult females fed on 20% suger solution lived longest （19.20 d）. [ Conclusion and significance]There was a negative correlation be- tween adult P. utilis life span in the range of 5 - 40℃. The life span of female and male P. utilis adults could significantly be pro- longed by providing sugar, honey and glucose. Our results provide a theoretical basis for P. utilis indoor mass rearing for field release.