臭氧分布及对呼吸系统的影响

臭氧是氧气的同素异形体，在常温条件下它是一种有特殊臭味的淡蓝色气体。臭氧现已成为我国主要的一种环境污染物。臭氧的分布存在着明显的时间特异性和地区特异性，与气象条件、污染物的输送与扩散以及局地光化学反应强度等因素有着重要的关系。同时在人群流行病学和动物实验中发现了臭氧可以提高慢性阻塞性肺疾病、哮喘等呼吸系统疾病的发病率和病死率，同时提示了老年人、有呼吸系统疾病病史的人群和儿童都是易受臭氧影响的高危人群。国内外学者也对臭氧对机体损伤的机制进行了研究，主要集中在臭氧的致炎作用、氧化应激作用、造成机体气道高反应性和对细胞DNA的损伤等方面。本文主要就国内外对臭氧在时空分布、对机体呼吸系统影响和臭氧造成机体损伤的机制这3方面作一简要综述。

Ozone distribution and its impact on the respiratory system

Abstract: Ozone, also known as superoxide, is an allotrope of oxygen (O2). At room temperature, it is a light blue gas with a special smell. It is a main component of photochemical pollution, mainly generated in the air from nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and other substances generated by ultraviolet radiation and other conditions. Ozone has become an important environmental pollutant in our country. The distribution of ozone is obviously time-specific and region-specific, which is closely related to meteorological conditions, transport and diffusion of pollutants and intensity of local photochemical reaction. In addition, population epidemiology and animal experiments found that ozone can increase the morbidity and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and other respiratory diseases, while indicated that the elderlies, people with respiratory disease history and children are vulnerable to ozone and at high risk. Domestic and foreign scholars have also studied the mechanisms of ozone damage to the body, especially the role of ozone in the inflammation, oxidative stress, resulting in high airway reactivity and damage to cell DNA and so on. This article mainly reviewed on the domestic and abroad studies on ozone with respect to its dimensional distribution, impact on respiratory system and the mechanisms of damage to the body caused by ozone.