金针菇菇脚对肉鸡肠道菌群的影响

目的 研究金针菇菇脚（Flammulina velutipes stembase，FVS）对肉鸡生长性能、肠道发育及肠道菌群的影响。方法 选取4 550只1日龄爱拔益加（AA）肉鸡，随机分为5组：空白组（基础日粮）、2% FVS组（基础日粮+2% FVS）、4% FVS组（基础日粮+4% FVS）、6% FVS组（基础日粮+6% FVS）和6% FVS阶段组（基础日粮+试验第1、3、5周饲喂含有6%FVS的日粮，于试验2、4、6周饲喂基础日粮）。试验为期42 d。结果 FVS组肉鸡平均日增重量均显著高于空白组（P<0.05）。6% FVS组和6% FVS阶段组肉鸡平均日采食量显著高于空白组（P<0.05）。FVS组肉鸡料重比均显著低于空白组（P<0.05）。与空白组相比，日龄21 d时，2% FVS组肉鸡回肠和盲肠重量均显著增加（P<0.05）；4% FVS组十二指肠长度和盲肠重量均显著增加（P<0.05）；6% FVS阶段组十二指肠长度及重量、空肠长度及重量和回肠重量均显著增加（P<0.05）。与空白组相比，日龄42 d时，2% FVS组肉鸡十二指肠长度和重量及盲肠重量均显著增加（P<0.05）；4% FVS组十二指肠长度和重量、回肠长度和盲肠长度及重量均显著增加（P<0.05）；6% FVS组十二指肠长度和盲肠长度及重量均显著增加（P<0.05）；6% FVS阶段组十二指肠重量、空肠重量和回肠长度及重量均显著增加（P<0.05）。与空白组相比，日龄21 d时6% FVS阶段组肉鸡盲肠菌群DNA条带数显著增加；日龄42 d时FVS组肉鸡盲肠菌群DNA条带数均显著增加。日龄21 d和42 d时肉鸡盲肠菌群共性条带中均含有扭链胃球菌（Ruminococcus torques），而FVS组含有大量的产酸菌。结论 日粮中添加FVS可提高肉鸡生长能力、促进肠道发育、增加肠道菌群多样性。

Effect of Flammulina velutipes stembase on broiler intestinal microflora

Abstract: Objective To study the effects of Flammulina velutipes stembase (FVS) on the growth performance, intestinal development and intestinal microflora of broilers. Methods 4,550 one-day AA broilers were randomly divided into the control group (basal diet), 2% FVS group (basal diet + 2% FVS), 4% FVS group (basal diet + 4% FVS), 6% FVS group (basal diet + 6% FVS) or 6% FVS phase group (basal diet + 6% FVS at weeks 1, 3 and 5 while basal diet at weeks 2, 4 and 6). The test lasted for 42 days. Results The average daily weight gain in FVS group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The average daily feed intakes in the 6% FVS group and the 6% FVS phase group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio in FVS group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, by the age of 21 days, the weights of ileum and cecum in 2% FVS group (P<0.05), the length of duodenum and weight of cecum in 4% FVS group (P<0.05), as well as the lengths and weights of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in 6% FVS phase group significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, by the age of 42 days, the length and weight of duodenum and weight of cecum in 2% FVS group (P<0.05), the length and weight of duodenum, length of ileum and length and weight of cecum in 4% FVS group (P<0.05), as well as the length of duodenum and length and weight of cecum in 6% FVS group (P<0.05), the weights of duodenum and jejunum and length and weight of ileum in 6% FVS phase group significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of cecal flora DNA bands in 6% FVS phase group increased significantly by the age of 21 days, while that in the FVS groups increased significantly by the age of 42 days. By the age of 21 days and 42 days, the common cecal flora DNA bands in all groups contained Ruminococcus torques, and that in the FVS group contained a large number of acid producing bacteria. Conclusion FVS as an additive into daily feed can improve the growth performance of broilers, promote the development of intestinal tract and increase the diversity of intestinal flora.